Religion has been a central force in human society for millennia, shaping cultures, ethics, and personal identity. In the modern world, however, its role is more complex and contes
Faglig kvalitetssikret av lærere og toppstudenter · Følger læreplanen (LK20) · Sist oppdatert 2026-07-16
Introduction
Religion has been a central force in human society for millennia, shaping cultures, ethics, and personal identity. In the modern world, however, its role is more complex and contested than ever before. While some parts of the world, particularly in Western Europe, are becoming increasingly secular, other regions are experiencing vibrant religious growth. This article explores the changing place of religion in contemporary society, examining the tension between secularism and faith, the rise of religious pluralism, and the enduring power of belief in a globalised world.
Learning objectives
After reading this article, you should be able to:
- Define secularisation and discuss whether it is a global trend.
- Explain the concept of religious pluralism and its impact on society.
- Understand what religious fundamentalism is and why it often emerges as a reaction to modernity.
- Analyse the complex relationship between religion and politics.
- Distinguish between being "religious" and being "spiritual."
The Secularisation Thesis
For a long time, many sociologists believed in the secularisation thesis. This is the idea that as societies become more modern—more scientifically advanced, more educated, and more rational—the importance of religion will inevitably decline. According to this theory, science provides answers to questions that were once explained by faith, and the state takes over social functions, like education and welfare, that were once performed by religious institutions. …