Often viewed in the shadow of their larger neighbours, Canada and New Zealand are two highly developed nations that share a history as part of the British Commonwealth. Both countr
Faglig kvalitetssikret av lærere og toppstudenter · Følger læreplanen (LK20) · Sist oppdatert 2026-07-16
Introduction
Often viewed in the shadow of their larger neighbours, Canada and New Zealand are two highly developed nations that share a history as part of the British Commonwealth. Both countries are known for their spectacular natural scenery, high quality of life, and progressive social policies. They are particularly interesting for their distinct and influential approaches to multiculturalism and their complex, evolving relationships with their Indigenous peoples. By examining them together, we can see two different models for building an inclusive national identity in the 21st century.
Learning objectives
After reading this article, you should be able to:
- Describe Canada's official policy of multiculturalism and the "cultural mosaic" metaphor.
- Explain the significance of Quebec's distinct linguistic and cultural identity within Canada.
- Understand New Zealand's bicultural foundation based on the Treaty of Waitangi.
- Describe the Māori Renaissance and the role of Māori culture in New Zealand's national identity.
- Compare the reconciliation efforts in Canada (Truth and Reconciliation Commission) and New Zealand.
Canada: The Cultural Mosaic
Canada's approach to its diverse population is often contrasted with the "melting pot" of the United States. In 1971, Canada became the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy. The national metaphor is not a melting pot but a "cultural mosaic." The idea is that immigrants are encouraged to maintain their cultural and ethnic identities, which are seen as individual tiles that together form the larger, richer picture of the Canadian nation. The government provides funding for ethnic cultural organisations and festivals, and dual citizenship is common. This policy reflects a belief that diversity is a national strength. …